kernel

["Rakesh Agarwal" <rakesh.agarwal@xxxxxxxxx>]

Can anyone tell where in the memory ( physical address ) does the kernel lies and what is the size of the 2.2 kernel

TIA
rakesh


Arun Sharma wrote:

> On Wed, Apr 19, 2000 at 06:39:34PM +0530, Nawab Ali wrote:
> > Hi Arun!
> > Since you were just about the only one who responded to my
> > query,I thought I'd get in touch with you.I am mailing you
> > the exact linker command line (as I get it on screen).See,
> > if you can figure out why I can't compile my PAM app.
>
> It's still a better idea to mail it to the list, as it'll
> benefit other guys too. So I'm cc'ing it there.
>
> With exactly the same command line, I don't get any linker
> errors:
>
> $ cat test.cc
> extern int pam_start;
>
> main()
> {
>         pam_start = 0;
> }
> $ c++ test.cc -lpam -lpam_misc -ldl
> $
>
> So I suspect that something is wrong with your libpam.so. On my redhat 6.1
> box:
>
> $ md5sum /lib/libpam*
> 7192d822911dbf0019bff1805efb35fc  /lib/libpam.so
> 7192d822911dbf0019bff1805efb35fc  /lib/libpam.so.0
> 7192d822911dbf0019bff1805efb35fc  /lib/libpam.so.0.68
> 078ff9ae4f2d2fc53840275bcc1077cb  /lib/libpam_misc.a
> 48fbc3736652214e574e6bc2a3edf670  /lib/libpam_misc.so
> 48fbc3736652214e574e6bc2a3edf670  /lib/libpam_misc.so.0
> 48fbc3736652214e574e6bc2a3edf670  /lib/libpam_misc.so.0.68
>
> You can verify that the checksums match.
>
>         -Arun
>
> > Thanx.....
> > Nawab.
> >
> > P.S: In case you haven't figured out already,this is the first
> > time I am using a .so library.I'd appreciate it if you could give
> > me a crash-course on how to work with a .so library file.
>
> > //This is how I'm compiling the app.
> > g++ -v authen.cpp -o authen -lpam -lpam_misc -ldl
> >
> > Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/specs
> > gcc version egcs-2.91.66 19990314/Linux (egcs-1.1.2 release)
> >  /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/cpp -lang-c++ -v -undef -D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUG__=2 -D__cplusplus -D__GNUC_MINOR__=91 -D__ELF__ -Dunix -Di386 -D__i386__ -Dlinux -D__ELF__ -D__unix__ -D__i386__ -D__i386__ -D__linux__ -D__unix -D__i386 -D__linux -Asystem(posix) -D__EXCEPTIONS -Asystem(unix) -Acpu(i386) -Amachine(i386) -Di386 -D__i386 -D__i386__ -D__tune_i386__ authen.cpp /tmp/ccpckDaY.ii
> > GNU CPP version egcs-2.91.66 19990314/Linux (egcs-1.1.2 release) (i386 Linux/ELF)
> > #include "..." search starts here:
> > #include <...> search starts here:
> >  /usr/include/g++-2
> >  /usr/i386-redhat-linux/include
> >  /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/include
> >  /usr/include
> > End of search list.
> >  /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/cc1plus /tmp/ccpckDaY.ii -quiet -dumpbase authen.cc -version -o /tmp/ccsqnq7S.s
> > GNU C++ version egcs-2.91.66 19990314/Linux (egcs-1.1.2 release) (i386-redhat-linux) compiled by GNU C version egcs-2.91.66 19990314/Linux (egcs-1.1.2 release).
> >  as -V -Qy -o /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o /tmp/ccsqnq7S.s
> > GNU assembler version 2.9.1 (i386-redhat-linux), using BFD version 2.9.1.0.24
> >  /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/collect2 -m elf_i386 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o authen /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/lib/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66 -L/usr/i386-redhat-linux/lib /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o -lpam -lpam_misc -ldl -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc -lc -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/crtend.o /usr/lib/crtn.o
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o: In function `main':
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o(.text+0x57): undefined reference to `pam_start(char const *, char const *, pam_conv const *, pam_handle **)'
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o(.text+0x70): undefined reference to `pam_authenticate(pam_handle *, int)'
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o(.text+0x89): undefined reference to `pam_acct_mgmt(pam_handle *, int)'
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o(.text+0xeb): undefined reference to `pam_end(pam_handle *, int)'
> > /tmp/cc3lKQA1.o(.data+0x0): undefined reference to `misc_conv(int, pam_message const **, pam_response **, void *)'
> > collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
>
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--
Rakesh Agarwal
Systems Engineer
Wipro Tecnologies
72, Electronics City
Bangalore-561229
rakesh.agarwal@xxxxxxxxx
91-80-8520408 Extn-1158